Which term refers to methods that identify the presence, absence, or mutation of a particular gene in an individual?

• A. Gene editing
• B. Gene testing
• C. Immunizations
• D. Immunotherapy

Answer: (B)

Determining whether a gene is present, absent, or altered in an individual is genetic testing. This field uses techniques that analyze a person’s DNA, RNA, or chromosomes to detect whether a gene exists, whether it has a mutation, or if there are deletions or duplications. The information gained from these tests can confirm a diagnosis, identify carrier status, guide medical decisions, and assess risk for family members. The term that fits this purpose is gene testing.

Gene editing, by contrast, focuses on changing or repairing genes rather than detecting them. Immunizations are vaccines given to prevent diseases, and immunotherapy uses the immune system to treat diseases—neither of those involve checking whether a gene is present or mutated.