NCHSE EOC Standard 1 Academic Foundation Practice Test

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic condition caused by mutations in the CFTR gene and is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, meaning it is present from birth. It primarily affects the lungs and digestive system, with thick mucus in the airways leading to respiratory infections and pancreatic insufficiency that causes malabsorption of nutrients. This combination—genetic origin, birth presence, and impact on both respiratory and digestive systems—explains why this description fits. It isn’t a chronic allergic disorder like asthma, nor a clouding of the lens (cataracts), nor a progressive decline in mental abilities like dementia. The key idea is a heritable disease that shows up at birth and targets both breathing and digestion.