Which term refers to a highly precise genetic engineering technique using engineered nucleases to modify DNA?

• A. Stem cell research
• B. Gene therapy
• C. Gene editing
• D. Immunizations

Answer: (C)

The term is gene editing. It refers to a highly precise genetic engineering approach that uses engineered nucleases to cut DNA at specific sites, enabling targeted changes such as disabling a gene, inserting a new sequence, or correcting a mutation. Tools like CRISPR-Cas9, TALENs, and zinc-finger nucleases are designed to recognize exact DNA sequences, which is what gives these edits their precision. This distinguishes gene editing from gene therapy, which focuses on delivering genetic material to treat disease without necessarily making targeted DNA cuts. Immunizations involve vaccines to stimulate the immune system, and stem cell research studies the properties and uses of stem cells rather than editing the genome.