Which term is described as an infectious disease that may affect almost all tissues of the body, especially the lungs?

• A. Tuberculosis
• B. Hepatitis
• C. Melanoma
• D. UTI

Answer: (A)

Tuberculosis is the infectious disease described. It’s caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is best known for affecting the lungs, causing a chronic cough and other respiratory symptoms, but it can spread to almost any tissue in the body, leading to extrapulmonary TB in areas such as the lymph nodes, spine, kidneys, or brain. It is transmitted through airborne droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes, making it a classic example of an infectious disease with both pulmonary and systemic potential. While other conditions listed—hepatitis, melanoma, and a urinary tract infection—are infectious or disease processes, they do not characteristically involve almost all tissues with the lungs being the primary site in TB, which is why tuberculosis is the best fit for this description.