Which genetic disorder present at birth affects both the respiratory and digestive systems?

• A. Asthma
• B. Cataracts
• C. Diabetes
• D. Cystic fibrosis

Answer: (D)

This question tests recognizing a genetic disorder that is present at birth and involves both the respiratory and digestive systems. Cystic fibrosis fits this description because it’s caused by mutations in the CFTR gene and is usually identified in infancy. The thick, sticky mucus produced in CF plugs airways, leading to breathing problems and recurrent lung infections (the respiratory part). The same mucus also blocks ducts in the pancreas, impairing digestion and nutrient absorption (the digestive part). That combination of lung and digestive system involvement is what makes this condition the best match.

Asthma is primarily an airway condition that develops over time and isn’t a birth defect that directly links to digestion. Cataracts affect the eyes, not the respiratory or digestive systems. Diabetes relates to blood sugar regulation and metabolism, not a congenital multi-system airway-digestive disorder.